Could someone please explain the concepts of momentum, inertia, and kinetic energy. Please explain the relationships between them as well.

Momentum: Symbol p Physics. A measure of the motion of a body equal to the product of its mass and velocity. Also called linear momentum.
Inertia: The tendency of a body to resist acceleration; the tendency of a body at rest to remain at rest or of a body in straight line motion to stay in motion in a straight line unless acted on by an outside force.
Kinetic energy: The energy possessed by a body because of its motion, equal to one half the mass of the body times the square of its speed.
The relationship between them is best explained by the Laws of motion

MT,

Inertia: (First Law of Motion_given by Newton) natural property of a material body due to which they oppose any change in their original state.
For e.g. as a car brakes, we jerk forward. This is because our body was already in forward motion, and wants to retain it. However, we are forced to stop as our carriage has stopped. But, our rebellious inertia property wants to continue so we are simply pushed forward instead!

Momentum:(it is the product of mass and velocity)it is a vector quantity, dirtection same as that of the velocity. In layman language, momentum is the amount of impact produced by something onto sumthing. Umn.. you get it? Although the SI units are Ns, it can also be represented as kg*m/s

Kinetic Energy:
[Umn, you want to grasp the concept, right? So, before I explain any of that, get this. In any isolated system (hypthetically) the Total Energy always remains the same; but can be converted from one form to another.Energy and Work are SCALAR quantities, both with the same units. However the Physical signifcance is diffi. Energy is requred to do work. Moving an object causes that object to gain/lose momentum. And if an object is moved, work is said to be done. I hope you aren't muddled up by the bombardment of so many brief concepts.]

To expalin it simply, KE is basically the energy possesed/required by an object in horizontal motion. Be it vibrating molecules or a ball thrown by a player!

Hope I've Helped ,
Pin~Jinx

Oops! I forgot to mention their relationship with each other. Here Goes:

Well, Inertia is just one of the laws of nature. It is present, but not as such related to neither Kinetic Energy nor momentum. I'm not saying that it does not have any affects on these things_ just that it isn't directly related to either of these quanities.

Hmn...
As an object moves in a certain direction, it gains momentum(kgm/s). Simultaneously, in order to move, it is using a certain amount of energy. This energy is converted into Kinetic Energy which can be calculated by the formula 1/2*mv^2 [(0.5kg(m/s)^2]

Simply figure out the rest...
Pin~Jinx

Oops Pin~Jinx You said: "To expalin it simply, KE is basically the energy possesed/required by an object in horizontal motion. Be it vibrating molecules or a ball thrown by a player!"

I don't think you meant to say horizontal motion because kinetic energy, as you know, can be in any direction.

Yeah........
F, thnx for pointing it out.

Actually I had Projectile Motion going around in my mind. Thus, the statement. What I meant to say was
motion in one plane at a time.
Pin~Jinx