StopLoss (when people are not allowed to leave Active Duty) goes on all the time, not just during war. We've had StopLoss in some career fields in the Air Force for years, long before 9/11 or the war in Iraq. It's an expected part of military service. I can't say as to it's effect on morale--that depends on the individual soldier or sailor or Airman. Some don't mind it because they have no intention of leaving anyway.
Further, virtually every enlisted person in all of the branches signs a contract when they join that specifies a certain number of years of Reserve or Guard service after separation. My husband enlisted for 6 years of Air Force with 2 years of Reserve or Guard after. It's been like that for a very long time, and it's almost unavoidable. This is because, should something happen, and the military service require trained, experienced people at a moment's notice, they are going to find them in the recently separated, NOT the regular Reserves or Guard.
This is not conscription. Conscription is
quote:
Compulsory enrollment, especially for the armed forces; draft
They are already in.
Also please keep in mind that it is almost impossible for the miltiary to absolutely prevent people from leaving. They always have an option to leave. The thing is, they would have to return to the military those benefits they have received but not yet earned. For example, the Air Force is doing "force shaping" where they are trying to encourage Airmen in overmanned career fields to leave the Air Force. If they leave during their first enlistment, they have to repay whatever portion of their sign on bonus they haven't earned, also any educational assistance they received, and they get no more health care. Most people do not want to do this, so they are staying in.
Even without force shaping, there is always an option to leave. It is up to the individual if they are willing to suffer the consequences of breaking the contract they signed. Sometimes, especially during war, those consequences can be pretty severe, such as the death penalty. That goes to show that you shouldn't sign a contract unless you are SURE you will fill it, NO MATTER WHAT.