I have read my psychology text book and the answers below are what I believe to be true. Any help will be greatly appreciated.


1. Self-efficacy is synonymous with self-regulation and not locus of control, absence of anxiety, tension and levels of aspiration.

2. On the issue of determinism versus free will, Bandura favors a position that emphasizes freedom and not that of determinism and partial determinism.

3. Bandura's concept of disengagement is the same as Freud's idea of defense mechanisms.

1) I agree with your answer.

2)Bandura suggested in his theory of ‘reciprocal determinism’ that people are both products and producers of their environments. Bandura (1973) argued, the environment is only a potentiality, not a fixed property that inevitably impinges upon individuals and to which their behaviour eventually adapts. Behaviour partly creates the environment, and the resultant environment, in turn, influences the behaviour. So Bandura does believe in partial determinism.

3) Banduras concept of disengagement may be seen as Freud´s idea of defense mechcanism in the sense that it helps the person to protect himself from guilt or anxiety. However, as I see it, it doesn´t include the mechanism of sublimation which is transforming a negative pulsion (Thanatos) into a sociably accepted pulsion.

Hope this helps. Very sorry for the delay!