how does cell funtion as a factory? any example?

Read up on the Golgi apparatus for an example.

quote:

Vesicles that leave the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), specifically rough ER, are transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they are modified, sorted, and shipped towards their final destination.

Every cell functions as a 'factory' just to maintain its own integrity. Many, many specialized types of cells (in a multicellular organism) each produce one or more particular products as well.

Poke around the internet with Google and Wikepedia. Good luck!

Once upon a time, in the beginning, there was one "single point "
accidentally.
Then it has accidentally blown up: Big Bang " has taken place.
It was the reason of accidental creation of some thousands
kinds of elementary particles and their girlfriends - antiparticles.
Then atom of hydrogen was formed accidentally
Then complex atom was formed accidentally.
Then stars were formed accidentally.
Then the Planet the Earth was formed accidentally.
Then the fauna was formed accidentally.
Then the animal kingdom was formed accidentally.
Then the man was created accidentally.
And this man can accidentally think logically.
But of course, unfortunately, not always.
============ ==.
My question:
Is it possible to creat child from cell ( zigota)
only in 280 days acording to probability theory?
And we must remember that this process is always individual.
=======================

Here's a fantastic nano-scale CG video from Harvard, illustrating various cell functions: nano-visualization. Unfortunately it wasn't available when lojjj asked the original question.

Note that, for clarity, the video does not show water molecules and it suppresses the expected jiggliness owing to Brownian motion.


There's nothing "accidental" about the evolution of the universe from the big bang. The standard model explains the symmetry-breaking emergence of complex structure (such as the solar system) from an initially homogeneous mix of hot particles bound by a few simple rules. Likewise there is nothing accidental about Darwinian evolution, which is driven by genetics and natural selection -- sometimes giving the illusion of design.

And if cells create a child "accidentally "........
How do cells (zigota ) know what they
must create?

quote:

Originally posted by socratus:
And if cells create a child "accidentally "........
How do cells (zigota ) know what they
must create?

==========================
What inhale the Life in formulas and equations ?
What must be present in a body to make it alive ?
=============
According a " big bang" our Universe exist 13 (+ ) billion years.
My question :
Is it possible to create a child from cell [ zigota] only in 280 days
according to probability theory? If " yes "it will be take time not
280 days but will take time more than our Universe exist.
If " no " so the process must have aim.
It means somebody /something must manage this process.
So, which answer is really true?
===========================

Question about Life.
What inhale the Life in formulas and equations ?
What must be present in a body to make it alive ?
===== .========
My answer.
Soul. Quantum of Light / Electron.
Why Light Quanta /Electron?
1.
Because.
From all particles, only and only
the Quantum of light is a privileged particle.
Only Light quantum has
the speed of absolute quantity c=1.
No other particle can travel with the speed c = 1.
2.
Because.
The physicists said: Light Quanta has dualistic behaviour.
I say : The dualism of Light Quanta connects with its ability
to be Electron. ( according to the “ Law of conservation and
transformation energy. “ and the " Lorentz transformations")
…………..................etc
3.
Because.
According a " big bang" our Universe exist 13 (+ ) billion years.
My question :
Is it possible to create a child from cell [ zigota] only in 280 days
according to Probability theory? If " yes "it will be take time not
280 days but will take time more than our Universe exist.
If " no " so the process must have aim.
It means somebody /something must manage this process.
So, which answer is really true?
My opinion :
It is impossible, according to Probability theory , only in 280 days
to create a physical body, who we named " child ", from billions
and billions different cells. It means the Probability theory
doesn’t work in cell theory, doesn’t work in biophysics.
It means the Probability theory doesn’t work in period of woman's
pregnancy. It means somebody /something must manage
the creating of child . The religion says : " it is soul".
I say: " The privileged particle Quantum of light / Electron must
manage this process. (According my interpretation SRT + QED) "
4.
Because.
Some people that survived from clinical death,
claim that they saw light, they saw their material body
and everything happening around as from the side,
that in this moment they were not a material body.
Who were they?
=========== . ========
Somebody wrote to me:
Israel,
I’m trying to understand what you are saying here.
Are you saying that there is a single electron (or photon?),
the spiritual particle, somewhere in each of our brains
that is an antenna-like receiver for divine transmissions?
And we can acquire new forces and abilities by listening to it?

I say: Yes, exactly so.
1.
Usually ITS action is almost completely disguised with the other forces
(mechanical, electromagnetic, nuclear, chemical ……etc),
therefore it remains unnoticed in an ordinary processes.
The situation is: hw < kT [ all another powers).
2.
But sometime ( for example in critical situation )
the energy of electron can be : hw> kT.
The small energy of electron is higher
than common electric field of brain.
All of us have the personal God / Soul
and it is Light Quanta / Electron.
===========…
Best wishes.
Socratus.


Edited to remove signature link

This message has been edited. Last edited by: DorianGreyed,

quote:

Is it possible to create a child from cell [zygote] only in 280 days according to probability theory?

If you mean is it a completely random process, obviously not. It's a highly complex and organized process, built from small incremental increases in complexity over billions of years.

Random genetic mutation supplies the 'raw materials' that drives the decidedly non-random process of evolution.

Here's a wonderful article by the noted PZ Meyers that discusses some of the principles: Algorithmic Inelegance (Seed Magazine)

quote:

Originally posted by Professor:
Here's a fantastic nano-scale CG video from Harvard, illustrating various cell functions: nano-visualization. Unfortunately it wasn't available when lojjj asked the original question.

Note that, for clarity, the video does not show water molecules and it suppresses the expected jiggliness owing to Brownian motion.


There's nothing "accidental" about the evolution of the universe from the big bang. The standard model explains the symmetry-breaking emergence of complex structure (such as the solar system) from an initially homogeneous mix of hot particles bound by a few simple rules. Likewise there is nothing accidental about Darwinian evolution, which is driven by genetics and natural selection -- sometimes giving the illusion of design.

That was an wonderful representation of molecular function. I enjoyed watching it so much!

quote:

Originally posted by Sherasi:
[QUOTE]Originally posted by Professor:


There's nothing "accidental" about the evolution of the universe from the big bang. The standard model explains the symmetry-breaking emergence of complex structure (such as the solar system) from an initially homogeneous mix of hot particles bound by a few simple rules. Likewise there is nothing accidental about Darwinian evolution, which is driven by genetics and natural selection -- sometimes giving the illusion of design.

=======================
Where does the information come from?

Once upon a time, 20 billions of years ago, all matter
(all elementary particles and all quarks and
their girlfriends- antiparticles and antiquarks,
all kinds of waves: electromagnetic, gravitational,
muons… gluons field ….. etc.) – were assembled in a “single point”.
It means that all information also was assembled in a "single point".
And then there was " big bang " and all information flew to bits
in different sides.
Suppose , that every bits of a "single point", every particle
of a "single point" is the owner of some information.
Then there are two possibilities:
a) every particle has the own information and after 20 billions years
they accidentally united and created everything including a man.
The aim of it is to observe all accidental possibilities.
b) in the beginning every particle has zero information .
Question :" How does zero information further arrive to a
very high informational level ? "
========.
If you go on way a) - so maybe yes, maybe no
you will pass through a forest of knowledge .
If you go on way b) - you will pass a forest of
theoretical knowledge along a straight road.
========.
Why I say so?
The visible matter of world is only a small part of all mass in the Universe.
More then 90% of the matter in the Universe is unseen," dark matter ".
Nobody knows what it is and therefore it is possible to say that more
then 90% of information is hiding and unknown to us.
So our aim must be to study "dark particles " or…..
………..
We know, there is no information transfer
without energy transfer. More correct : there is no quant
information transfer without quant energy transfer.
And the electron has the least electric charge.
It means it has some quant of the least information.
What can electron do with this information?
Let us look the Mendeleev / Moseley periodic table.
We can see at first, that electron does, it interacts with proton
and creates atom of hydrogen. This is simplest design,
which was created by electron.
And we can see how this information grows and reaches
high informational level. And the most complex design,
which was created by electron is the Man.
The Man is alive essence. Animals, birds, fish are alive essences.
And an atom? And atom is also alive design.
The free atom of hydrogen can live about 1000 seconds.
And someone a long time ago has already said, that if
to give suffices time to atom of hydrogen, he would turn into Man.
Really, it is not beautiful, is it ?
Maybe it is better not to search about "dark, virtual particles "
but to understand what the electron is,
because even now nobody knows what electron is.
=======================
Was I mistaken? No.
Because according to Pauli Exclusion Principle
only one single electron can be in the atom.
This electron reanimates the atom.
This electron manages the atom.
If the atom contains more than one electron
(for example - two), this atom represents " Siamese twins".
Save us, the Great God, of having such atoms, such children!
Each of us has an Electron, but we do not know it.
========.
Why does only electron have quant of information?
Maybe does proton also have quant of information?
No. Single proton has no quant of information.
Why?
Because information can be transfered only by
electromagnetic fields. And we don’t have a theory
about protono-magnetic fields.
==========.
Once upon a time, in the beginning, there was
one "single point " accidentally.
Then it has accidentally blown up
Big Bang " has taken place.
It was the reason of accidental creation of some thousands
kinds of elementary particles and their girlfriends - antiparticles.
Then atom of hydrogen was formed accidentally
Then complex atom was formed accidentally.
Then stars were formed accidentally.
Then the Planet the Earth was formed accidentally.
Then the fauna was formed accidentally.
Then the animal kingdom was formed accidentally.
Then the man was created accidentally.
And this man can accidentally think logically.
But of course, unfortunately, not always.
==============.
Many years ago man has accustomed some wild
animals (wolf, horse, cat, bull , etc.)
and has made them domestic ones.
But the man understands badly the four-footed friends.
In 1897 J. J. Thomson discovered new particle - electron.
Gradually man has accustomed electron to work for him.
But the man does not understand what an electron is.
==============
For my peasant logic at first it is better to understand
the closest thing (for example an electron) and then
to study the far away space and particles
(for example dark, black, virtual …etc particles).
============.
Best wishes.

All the information that a zygote needs to make a baby in 9 months is in its DNA. (Let's not quibble about mitochondrial dna or subtle intrauterine factors that affect things like fingerprints...)

I't hard to tell from your ramblings just what your point(s) is/are/might have been, but I hope it's not the tired old creationist canard arguing that the existence of life itself violates the 2nd law of thermodynamics by bringing increasing order to the biosphere with an apparent loss of entropy (thus requiring a divine waiver of the rules). The answer is that the earth is an open system receiving energy from the sun, so no physical law is broken. Information may increase as long as there's exogenous energy to drive the process.

Cosmologists agree that the universe has steadily become less ordered (has gained entropy) since the big bang singularity, from which sprang all of the mass-energy and space-time in the observable universe. The singularity itself remains a deep mystery, yet the triumph of modern physics is to account, in detail, for events that have unfolded some 10^-12 seconds or so after the big bang up to the present.

quote:

Originally posted by Professor:
All the information that a zygote needs to make a baby in 9 months is in its DNA.

============================
DNA itself consist from many – many atoms………..!
How did the atoms create DNA ?.

Again, it has taken billions of years to achieve -- incrementally -- this level of complexity. Self-replicating molecules are a form of long-term memory.

quote:

Originally posted by Professor:
Again, it has taken billions of years to achieve -- incrementally -- this level of complexity. Self-replicating molecules are a form of long-term memory.

====================
I agree
"it has taken billions of years to achieve -- incrementally -- this level of complexity. Self-replicating molecules are a form of long-term memory ".
But the period of woman's pregnant is very short and individual.
How did the atoms created DNA in the very short period
of woman's pregnant?
According probability theory it is impossible.
Therefore I say that Queen/ King/ Soul ménages this process.
===========…

And I say, if King/Queen/soul had the objective, originally. of producing humans, rather than, say, kangaroos or orcas, why take such a roundabout route? Especially, why produce so much confusing complexity? I would expect an intelligent being to NOT waste billions of years and rejected preliminary designs - only to produce such an imperfect, primitive result.

quote:

Originally posted by Socratus:
I agree
"it has taken billions of years to achieve -- incrementally -- this level of complexity. Self-replicating molecules are a form of long-term memory "...How did the atoms created DNA in the very short period of woman's pregnant?

So you agree with my statements, but you are questioning the molecular mechanisms by which this happens? Well this is huge! Genuine scientific curiosity -- Socratus, we may be making progress!

Every functional gene (all embedded in the DNA) is associated with some kind of chemical product. In some cases the product regulates other genes, turning them on or off (this alone adds many layers of complexity). Other genes produce enzymes. An enzyme is a catalyst molecule that allows certain biochemical reactions to occur far more rapidly than they otherwise could without the enzyme. That's just one way of beating the "laws of probability" you seem to think are prohibitive. (Clearly they're not.)

So the zygote is bathed in all these nutrients supplied by the mother, and some genes turn on and start making their products, which cause other genes to start or stop making their products, and pretty soon there is a "massively parallel system" directing the synthesis of many, many kinds of molecules.

Every single atom of the newborn baby was moved into place by enzymatic reactions. The developmental process is precisely tuned and choreographed by information in the DNA. There's practically nothing random about it. Enzymes and cellular organelles are the "nano-machines" that carry out all the details. Where did they come from? They're encoded in the DNA. Meanwhile all the laws of physics, as they pertain to chemical reactions and thermodynamics, are obeyed.

And the newborn baby is loaded with copies of the zygote's DNA, to share in directing the formation of its offspring.